- Receipt
- Hydrogenation
- Hydration of unsaturated compounds
- Reaction of primary amines with nitrous acid*
- Displacement of alcohols and phenols from their salts
- Alkaline hydrolysis of haloalkanes, obtaining alcohols
- Hydrolysis of alcoholates
- Grignard synthesis**
- Acid breakdown**
- Grignard Synthesis with Ketones**
- Chemical properties
- Preparation of haloalkanes from alcohols
- The interaction of alcohols with metals
- Obtaining amines from alcohols
- Intramolecular dehydration of alcohols
- Obtaining esters of nitric acid*
- Hard oxidation of tertiary alcohols*
- Acylation with acid halides*
- Treatment with strong chlorinating agents**
- Combustion
In this article we will discuss 2-methylbutanol-2 in detail. Receipt. Isomers. Reactions: obtaining an alcoholate, substitute. hydroxy groups to halogen, hard oxidation, intramolecular dehydration, amine production, nitric acid ester production, ester production, combustion.
| Suggested name | 2-methylbutanol-2 |
| Classes | Alcohols (alcohols) Monohydric alcohols Tertiary alcohols |
| Molar mass | 88 g/mol |
| Gross formula | C5H12O _ _ _ _ |
Receipt
Hydrogenation
2-methylbuten-3-ol-2 + hydrogen → (nickel) → 2-methylbutanol-2
Hydration of unsaturated compounds
2-methylbutene-1 + water → (sulfuric acid) → 2-methylbutanol-2
Reaction of primary amines with nitrous acid*
2-methylbutanamine-2 + nitric acid → 2-methylbutanol-2 + nitrogen ↑ + water
The reaction proceeds in two stages: sodium nitrite with hydrochloric acid give nitrous acid, which reacts with the amine.
Displacement of alcohols and phenols from their salts
Sodium 2-2-methylbutanol-2-ate + sulfuric acid → 2-2-methylbutanol-2 + sodium sulfate
Alkaline hydrolysis of haloalkanes, obtaining alcohols
2-bromo-2-methylbutane + sodium hydroxide (aqueous solution) → 2-methylbutanol-2 + sodium bromide
Hydrolysis of alcoholates
Sodium 2-methylbutanol-2-ate + water → 2-methylbutanol-2 + sodium hydroxide
Grignard synthesis**
acetone + ethylmagnesium chloride + water → 2-methylbutanol-2 + magnesium hydroxochloride
The process is carried out in two stages. Above is the summary equation of the two reactions.
Acid breakdown**
Unsymmetrical ethers give a mixture of alcohols and a mixture of halides.
Grignard Synthesis with Ketones**
ethylmagnesium bromide + acetone + water → 2-methylbutanol-2 + magnesium hydroxobromide
Chemical properties
Preparation of haloalkanes from alcohols
2-methylbutanol-2 + hydrochloric acid → (conc sulfuric acid) → 2-methyl-2-chlorobutane + water
The interaction of alcohols with metals
2 · 2-methylbutanol-2 + 2 · sodium → 2 · 2-methylbutanol-2-sodium sodium + hydrogen
Obtaining amines from alcohols
2-methylbutanol-2 + ammonia → (t °, cat.) → 2-methylbutanamine-2 + water
The reaction can continue until secondary and tertiary amines are obtained, in practice a mixture of products is obtained.
Intramolecular dehydration of alcohols
2-methylbutanol-2 → (t ° = 180 ° C, sulfuric acid conc) → 2-methylbutane-2 + water
Obtaining esters of nitric acid*
2-methylbutanol-2 + nitric acid (conc) → 2-methylbutannitrate-2 + water
The reaction is reversible.
Hard oxidation of tertiary alcohols*
5 2-methylbutanol-2 + 6 potassium permanganate + 9 sulfuric acid → (t°) → 5 acetone + 5 acetic acid + 3 potassium sulfate + 6 manganese(II) sulfate + 14 water
Tertiary alcohols oxidize only under harsh conditions. Since the CC bond can be broken on any of the three sides of the C-OH group, unsymmetrical tertiary alcohols give a complex mixture of products.
Acylation with acid halides*
2-methylbutanol-2 + acetyl chloride → acetic acid tert-pentyl ester + hydrochloric acid
Treatment with strong chlorinating agents**
2-methylbutanol-2 + phosphorus(V) chloride → 2-methyl-2-chlorobutane + hydrochloric acid + phosphorus oxychloride
Combustion
2 2-methylbutanol-2 + 15 oxygen → (t°) → 10 carbon dioxide + 12 water
